What is a DNS?

What is a DNS?

The Domain Name System or 'DNS', is an integral protocol of the web's infrastructure, which acts and functions like a phone or address book of the internet.

It's sounds technical but quite simply, each time you visit a website from your web browser on a mobile, tablet, laptop or PC, your device completes a DNS Lookup which matches the IP address with a domain name, similar to how you match up a telephone number with a contact in your address book or contact list.

The same process is carried out when you send an email or connect to a server.

This makes it easier for 'Humans', to remember a name to access resources or send information over the internet, rather than trying to remember the IP address of websites, email addresses or web based services.

The DNS settings on a domain name can be managed and configured to suit any specific requirements, such as email, web hosting, networks and servers.

What are the DNS records?

Every type of DNS record contains the following items:

  • Name: The host or domain.
  • Type: The record's purpose.
  • Value: The target IP address or text.
  • TTL: Time to Live, which determines how many seconds a server should cache the record before fetching a fresh copy.

When it comes to the type of DNS records, each one is categorised and used for different functions.

A Records

A records allow a DNS name to be pointed to one or more IPv4 addresses whereas quad or AAAA records, are used for pointing a DNS name to IPv6 addresses.

These are the primary records which are commonly used where in the case of Google, the A record for the domain name 'www.google.com' points to 216.58.210.36 which is an IPv4 address, while the AAAA record, points to 2a00:1450:4009:800::2004 which is an IPv6 address.

CNAME Records

CNAME is short for 'Canonical Name', the domain can only have one CNAME record per domain name, also known as a DNS Zone.

The CNAME record won't contain an IP address but will instead point to another domain or sub domain. This is a convenient tool for directing multiple names to one place while managing a single set of IP addresses.

MX Records

The Mail Exchange, also known as the MX record, is a record on the DNS Zone which indicates to a sending mail server, the location of the receiving mail server. A priority number is also provided within the record, with the lowest number given the highest priority, for the sending mail server to use.

TXT Records

Text or TXT records are normally used to verify the domain name and its ownership with third party services, rather than be used to identify server locations.

SRV Records

Service records, which are referred to as SRV records, are similar to A, CNAME and MX records in that they are used to keep a record of the look up IP addresses. However, it allows domain name owners to also include a specific protocol or port details.